<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Revision>0</o:Revision>
<o:TotalTime>0</o:TotalTime>
<o:Pages>1</o:Pages>
<o:Words>492</o:Words>
<o:Characters>2807</o:Characters>
<o:Company>UCSD</o:Company>
<o:Lines>23</o:Lines>
<o:Paragraphs>6</o:Paragraphs>
<o:CharactersWithSpaces>3293</o:CharactersWithSpaces>
<o:Version>14.0</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="276">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]-->
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-language:JA;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment--><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Since Katherine Moore posted about a few possible
instances “illusion blindness” among the participants in her perception class,
as well as some of the other anomalies she encountered, I started thinking
about some of the individuals with anomalies who appeared in some of my
classes. </span><span style="font-size: 16px;" class="">I was fortunate to teach quite a few large (200-300 students) perception classes at UCSD. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Some of the anomalies were quite unusual, I think. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">1)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><font size="3" class="">Synesthetes: I unwittingly (at first) detected some
synaesthetes whenever I showed a spatial frequency adaptation demo. Because students adapted to gratings for a
few minutes, I played music to keep the large group of students engaged. When I first showed the demo while playing the music, one student
mentioned that the music was distorting his visual image of the grating. When I
asked students in later classes if the music caused the visual image to change,
2-3 students of the several hundred in the room would raise their hands, and always seemed to have synesthesia. A
few of these students then participated in experiments on synesthesia in
Ramachandran’s lab at UCSD. <o:p class=""></o:p></font></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">2)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Inability
to identify race (black or white) of a face:
One student at my current institution is usually unable to identify if a
photograph is of a black or white person.
I first became aware of this when she tried to complete the Implicit
Association Test for race in one of my classes (Banaji & Greenwald, 1993). She reports difficulties when attempting to
identify race in real-life situations.
As far as I can tell (without doing a real study to assess her “race
blindness”), I think she is able to identify people easily, despite having difficulty
identifying a person’s race. (She is open to being studied… Is anyone
interested? Has anyone studied face blindness [prosopagnosia?] for race?)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><font size="3" class="">Individual
differences in change blindness and selective attention. I found some people
who were consistently either very good or very bad at seeing the changing
object in change blindness examples. I
didn’t collect data on this, but simply note that there seemed to be some
consistency in the individual differences across trials, with some people
detecting changes almost immediately, and others consistently taking longer. Of the students who seemed weakest at
detecting change, there was one student who also could not see the gorilla in Neisser’s (and later Simmons') classic selective attention demo until about the fifth showing for her. This was the case even
after the class had been shown the gorilla. It was really strange. Even after she was told several times that
that there was a gorilla walking across the scene, she couldn’t see it. It was perhaps somewhat like Balint’s syndrome,
but this person was apparently normal and went to medical school after
graduation. <o:p class=""></o:p></font></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><font size="3" class="">Mental
rotation. When showing mental rotation
demos in my perception and cognitive classes, I found a couple students (out of
perhaps thousands) who simply couldn’t do the task unless the figures compared were only 5 degrees apart. Although
I didn’t do an actual study, I think that individual differences in mental
rotation ability were fairly constant, with some students effectively “blind”
for mental rotation. Again the students who seemed to show this blindness seemed otherwise normal, and functioned well in my class. <o:p class=""></o:p></font></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';" class=""> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Impossible
figures. I observed that some people
were consistently either very quick or very slow at seeing that a figure was
impossible or ambiguous. This was my
strong impression, without collecting data to look at the individual
differences. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""><br class=""></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Dave</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><br class=""></p>
<!--EndFragment--><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Feb 13, 2017, at 9:10 AM, David Peterzell <<a href="mailto:davidpeterzell@mac.com" class="">davidpeterzell@mac.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Hi, All. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">1) In fact there were many studies of individual differences in visual processing prior to Jeremy’s work, and some of us made them our focus at various times. See here: <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ist/ei/2016/00002016/00000016/art00048" class="">http://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ist/ei/2016/00002016/00000016/art00048</a></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Since publishing this short review a year ago, I’ve become aware of many other studies of individual differences that I neglected to include, e.g., studies dealing with stereo and binocular vision. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">2) Regarding individuals who don’t see illusions… About 5-10 years ago, I met a few people in my S&P courses who reported being blind or relatively blind to illusions, much like what Katherine Moore wrote about. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I think it would be worth specifying theillusions that individuals like these can and can’t see, and if the deficits are selective or if they truly span many different illusions. There is certainly a range of abilities in the ability to see illusions, with some old research showing a weak general factor that accounts for a range of illusions (e.g. Thurstone, 1944; Roff, 1953, and to a lesser extent, Coren & Porac, 1987). But I think the most recent research shows that variability in the ability to see illusions is quite selective, with individual differences in the ability to see one type of illusion being a poor predictor of the ability to see other types of illusions. That was a surprise to me. See the recent research by Cappe et al, 2014, and by Grzeczkowski et al. 2017 (in press but available online from Vision Research) (both studies are from Herzog’s lab). Although Grzeczkowski et al. 2017 don’t discuss illusion blindness per se, they provide a discussion of the research on individual differences in illusions, and they provide a short discussion of Piaget’s (1969) ideas. Grzeczkowski et al. suggest that there are no common factors for illusions in healthy individuals. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Dave </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><div class=""><br class=""><div class="">
<div style="letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><b class="">David Henry Peterzell, Ph.D., Ph.D.<br class="">--Professor, John F. Kennedy University</b></div></div>
</div>
<br class=""><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Feb 13, 2017, at 6:42 AM, Simon Rushton <<a href="mailto:RushtonSK@cardiff.ac.uk" class="">RushtonSK@cardiff.ac.uk</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important;" class="">Piaget looked at suseptibility to illusions in great detail (see his book, Perception, for a summary), he charted in detail, how they changed quite markedly across the developmental span. Some increase, some decrease. He categorised the illusions as well, he claimed to be able to explain which increased and which decreased with age. I was always interested in how his findings fit (or didn’t fit) with the two-visual system story. Similar questions seem to be prompted if there are significant individual differences. I never found anyone that thought Piaget’s findings were worth spending any time looking into (note his book is difficult to follow, probably due to the unfamiliar concepts and the translation from French), but maybe his work might shed some light on the individual differences that are being reported here. His book has a lot of data in it so it might be worth looking for evidence of individual differences within an age group.</span><div class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">simon</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 12 Feb 2017, at 16:53, Qasim Zaidi <<a href="mailto:qz@sunyopt.edu" class="">qz@sunyopt.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div marginleft="10" marginright="10" margintop="10" marginbottom="10" class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12pt;">There are individual differences, but they have not been much studied until the recent push by Jeremy Willmer at VSS.</font></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12pt;">I had a brilliant undergraduate at Columbia, who went on to be a star grad student at MIT, has done start-ups, been CTO of multiple companies, won an Emmy, etc etc, and he had no simultaneous brightness or color induction, as measured by objective methods (nulling on a 2AFC adaptive staircase). He was also a meticulous observer in motion experiments, where he saw all kinds of effects.</font></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12pt;">You may want to see what else is different about these students. I suspect that they will be normal on low level detection and discrimination experiments, but that may still be worth checking.</font></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12pt;">Cheers</font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12pt;">QZ</font></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">Qasim Zaidi PhD</font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">SUNY Distinguished Professor</font></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">Graduate Center for Vision Research,</font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">State University of New York College of Optometry,</font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">33 West 42nd St, New York, NY 10036.</font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">Office: 212-938-5542; Lab: 212-938-5756; Fax: 212-938-5537</font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;">E-mail:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:qz@sunyopt.edu" class="">qz@sunyopt.edu</a></font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Helvetica Neue Light" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue Light'; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://poseidon.sunyopt.edu/Zaidi/index.php" target="_blank" class="">http://poseidon.sunyopt.edu/Zaidi/index.php</a></font></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><font face="Lucida Grande" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande'; font-size: 10pt;"><b class="">"Dr. Katherine Moore" <<a href="mailto:moorek@arcadia.edu" class="">moorek@arcadia.edu</a>> writes:</b></font></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Dear vision experts, </font></span></div><br class=""><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">I was hoping some of you could help me out with something that made me curious all of last semester. Last semester was about the fifth time I've taught Sensation & Perception. Even though my classes are small (less than 25 students), each time I teach this course I have a student or two who is unusual in some sensory way -- just one working eye, synesthesia, no sense of smell, blind, prosopagnosia, etc. </font></span></div><br class=""><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">This past semester I had two students who did not experience illusions (out of just 10 students!) One of them truly did not experience any of the illusions. Another did not experience the vast majority of them. We mostly did visual illusions, but among the few auditory illusions we did, these students didn't experience them either. I have no reason to think the students were lying about it--they are very sincere people. And they both had trouble with an assignment that required students s view some new illusions, describe what they saw and what was really happening, and explain the illusion. These two students didn't see what the rest of the class saw, and only saw "what was really happening."</font></span></div><br class=""><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">The illusions spanned the course, which is to say they touched upon many different causes. For example, the Hermann grid variations, including the "disappearing dots" one that went viral this summer/fall were affected, as well as the color constancy and size constancy ones like the checkershadow illusion, Ames room, etc. </font></span></div><br class=""><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">What do you all know about this, like what the cause could be for this immunity from illusions of many kinds, or individual variation in the experience of illusions? </font></span></div><br class=""><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Best,</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="+0" class="" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Katherine</font></span></div><br class=""><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">Katherine S Moore</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">Assistant Professor of Psychology</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">Arcadia University</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">450 S. Easton Rd</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">Glenside, PA 19038</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">Office: Boyer Hall room 128</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">Phone: (215) 517-2429</font></span></div><div align="left" class="" style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/a/arcadia.edu/amclab/" target="_blank" class=""><span class="" style="background-color: rgb(208, 208, 208);"><font face="Helvetica" size="-1" class="" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 9pt;">https://sites.google.com/a/arcadia.edu/amclab/</font></span></a></div><br class=""><br class=""><br class=""></div>_______________________________________________<br class="">visionlist mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:visionlist@visionscience.com" class="">visionlist@visionscience.com</a><br class=""><a href="http://visionscience.com/mailman/listinfo/visionlist_visionscience.com" class="">http://visionscience.com/mailman/listinfo/visionlist_visionscience.com</a></div></blockquote></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></body></html>