<p dir="ltr">Evolutionary! The anatomical influences first noted by Schwarzkopf extend to species specific differences in susceptibility to visual illusions, too:</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2014.00051/full">http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2014.00051/full</a></p>
<p dir="ltr">de Sousa, A. A., & Proulx, M. J. (2014). What can volumes reveal about human brain evolution? A framework for bridging behavioral, histometric, and volumetric perspectives. <i>Frontiers in Neuroanatomy</i>, <i>8</i>, 51.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Best wishes,<br>
Michael</p>
<p dir="ltr">Michael J. Proulx, PhD<br></p>
<p dir="ltr">Associate Professor (Reader) in Psychology</p>
<p dir="ltr">Department of Psychology</p>
<p dir="ltr">University of Bath</p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="mailto:m.j.proulx@bath.ac.uk">m.j.proulx@bath.ac.uk</a></p>
<p dir="ltr"><a href="http://people.bath.ac.uk/mjp51">http://people.bath.ac.uk/mjp51</a></p>
<p dir="ltr">Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/MichaelProulx">@MichaelProulx</a></p>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 18 Feb 2017 17:57, "Marco Bertamini" <<a href="mailto:marco.bertamini@gmail.com" target="_blank">marco.bertamini@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">To summarise various
contributions, here is a list of factors modulating responses to visual illusions
and thus contributing to individual differences:<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Age. Simon </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:times">Rushton<b> </b></span><span style="font-family:times">has already mentioned Piaget (Piaget et al., 1942).
There is also more recent work (</span><span style="font-family:times">Doherty
et al., 2010</span><span style="font-family:times">)<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Anatomy. Size illusions
correlate to size of V1 (Schwarzkopf et al., 2011). I imagine the individual
differences reviewed by David Peterzell (2016) may also relate to different
sensitivity to visual illusions.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Autism spectrum. Many
studies on this (best known study by Happé, 1996; recent review in Gori et al.,
2016)<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Culture. The Himba in
Namibia have weaker illusions, may focus more on local info (</span><span style="font-family:times">de Fockert et al., 2007</span><span style="font-family:times">). Also Asians differ from Westerners, showing
greater sensitivity to context in size illusions (</span><span style="font-family:times">Doherty et al., 2008</span><span style="font-family:times">).<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Developmental dyslexia. Slaghuis
et al. (1996) using Ternus stimulus, found a reduction of group motion. <span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Schiophrenia (review in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:times;color:rgb(47,46,49)">Notredame et al., 2014, see also
link in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:times;color:rgb(26,26,26)">Chris Sims
post to an article by Laura Sanders</span><span style="font-family:times">).<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Schizotypy. Not sure
whether this should be listed separately from schizophrenia (</span><span style="font-family:times">Partos et al., 2016</span><span style="font-family:times">).<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Sex. In relation to males
having a stronger lateralisation (Rasmjou et al., 1999)<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">It has also already been
mentioned that recent work found weak correlations between visual illusions in
a sample of over 100 people (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:times">Grzeczkowski et al., 2016</span><span style="font-family:times">) thus suggesting that
maybe some variability is idiosyncratic.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Are there more factors to
add to the list?<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Cheers, Marco<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times"> </span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">de Fockert, J., Davidoff, J.,
Fagot, J., Parron, C., & Goldstein, J. (2007). More accurate size contrast
judgments in the Ebbinghaus Illusion by a remote culture. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 738-742.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Doherty, M. J., Campbell, N. M.,
Tsuji, H., & Phillips, W. A. (2010). The Ebbinghaus illusion deceives adults
but not young children. Developmental science, 13(5), 714-721.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Doherty, M., Tsuji, H. &
Phillips W.A. (2008). The context sensitivity of visual size perception varies
across cultures. Perception, 37, 1426-1433<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Gori, S., Molteni, M., &
Facoetti, A. (2016). Visual Illusions: An Interesting Tool to Investigate
Developmental Dyslexia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. <i>Frontiers in human neuroscience, 10</i>.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:times">Grzeczkowski, L., Clarke, A.M., Francis, G., Mast, F.W., & Herzog,
M.H. (2017). </span><span style="font-family:times">About individual
differences in vision. <i>Vision Research.</i></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:times"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Happé, F. G. (1996).
Studying weak central coherence at low levels: children with autism do not
succumb to visual illusions. A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 37(7), 873-877.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Notredame, C. E., Pins, D.,
Deneve, S., and Jardri, R. (2014). What visual illusions teach us about
schizophrenia. Frontiers Integr. Neurosci. 12:63. <span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Partos, T.R., Cropper, S.J.,
& Rawlings, D. (2016). You Don’t See What I See: Individual Differences in
the Perception of Meaning from Visual Stimuli. PloS one, 11(3), e0150615.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-family:times">Peterzell, D. H., &
Kennedy, J. F. (2016). Discovering sensory processes using individual
differences: A review and factor analytic manifesto. Electronic Imaging,
2016(16), 1-11.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Piaget, J., Lambercier, M.,
Boesch, E., & von Albertini, B. (1942). Introduction a l'etude des
perceptions chez l'enfant et analyse d'une illusion relative a la perception
visuelle de cercles concentriques (Delboeuf). <i>Archives de Psychologie, 29</i>, 1-107.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Rasmjou, S., Hausmann, M., &
Güntürkün, O. (1999). Hemispheric dominance and gender in the perception of an
illusion. <i>Neuropsychologia, 37(9)</i>, 1041-1047.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Schwarzkopf, D.S., Song, C.,
& Rees, G. (2011). The surface area of human V1 predicts the subjective
experience of object size. <i>Nature
Neuroscience, 14(1)</i>, 28-30.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="m_-8574790951137299690gmail-Testo"><span style="font-family:times">Slaghuis, W.L., Twell, A.J., and
Kingston, K.R. (1996). Visual and language processing disorders are concurrent
in dyslexia and continue into adulthood. <i>Cortex
32</i>, 413-438.<span></span></span></p>
</div>
<br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
visionlist mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:visionlist@visionscience.com">visionlist@visionscience.com</a><br>
<a href="http://visionscience.com/mailman/listinfo/visionlist_visionscience.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://visionscience.com/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/visionlist_<wbr>visionscience.com</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div></div>