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<p>One might add migraine. Those with migraine paradoxically show larger tilt and motion after-effects than controls. Shepherd
<span><a title="Brain : a journal of neurology." href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11673331#" target="_blank">Brain.</a></span> 2001 Nov;124(Pt 11):2310-8.</p>
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<div><font size="2" face="Tahoma">**********************************</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="tahoma">* Dr Andrew Schofield</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="tahoma">* School of Psychology</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="tahoma">* University of Birmingham</font></div>
<div><font size="2" face="tahoma">* Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK, B15 2TT</font></div>
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<div style="DIRECTION: ltr" id="divRpF826929"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> visionlist [visionlist-bounces@visionscience.com] on behalf of Marco Bertamini [marco.bertamini@gmail.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 17 February 2017 19:52<br>
<b>To:</b> visionlist@visionscience.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> ?spam? Re: [visionlist] immunity from illusions<br>
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<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">To summarise various contributions, here is a list of factors modulating responses to visual illusions and thus contributing to individual differences:<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times"></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Age. Simon
</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times" lang="EN-US">Rushton<b> </b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">has already mentioned Piaget (Piaget et al., 1942). There is also more recent work (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Doherty et al., 2010</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">)<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Anatomy. Size illusions correlate to size of V1 (Schwarzkopf et al., 2011). I imagine the individual differences reviewed by David Peterzell (2016) may also relate to different
sensitivity to visual illusions.<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Autism spectrum. Many studies on this (best known study by Happé, 1996; recent review in Gori et al., 2016)<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Culture. The Himba in Namibia have weaker illusions, may focus more on local info (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">de Fockert et al., 2007</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">).
Also Asians differ from Westerners, showing greater sensitivity to context in size illusions (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Doherty et al., 2008</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">).<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Developmental dyslexia. Slaghuis et al. (1996) using Ternus stimulus, found a reduction of group motion.
<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Schiophrenia (review in
</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times; COLOR: rgb(47,46,49)" lang="EN-US">Notredame et al., 2014, see also link in
</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times; COLOR: rgb(26,26,26)" lang="EN-US">Chris Sims post to an article by Laura Sanders</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">).<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Schizotypy. Not sure whether this should be listed separately from schizophrenia (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Partos et al., 2016</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">).<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Sex. In relation to males having a stronger lateralisation (Rasmjou et al., 1999)<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times"></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">It has also already been mentioned that recent work found weak correlations between visual illusions in a sample of over 100 people (</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times" lang="EN-US">Grzeczkowski
et al., 2016</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">) thus suggesting that maybe some variability is idiosyncratic.<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times"></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Are there more factors to add to the list?<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times"></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Cheers, Marco<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times"></span> </p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times"></span> </p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">de Fockert, J., Davidoff, J., Fagot, J., Parron, C., & Goldstein, J. (2007). More accurate size contrast judgments in the Ebbinghaus Illusion by a remote culture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
Perception and Performance, 33, 738-742.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Doherty, M. J., Campbell, N. M., Tsuji, H., & Phillips, W. A. (2010). The Ebbinghaus illusion deceives adults but not young children. Developmental science, 13(5), 714-721.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Doherty, M., Tsuji, H. & Phillips W.A. (2008). The context sensitivity of visual size perception varies across cultures. Perception, 37, 1426-1433<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Gori, S., Molteni, M., & Facoetti, A. (2016). Visual Illusions: An Interesting Tool to Investigate Developmental Dyslexia and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
<i>Frontiers in human neuroscience, 10</i>.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times" lang="EN-US">Grzeczkowski, L., Clarke, A.M., Francis, G., Mast, F.W., & Herzog, M.H. (2017).
</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">About individual differences in vision. <i>
Vision Research.</i></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times" lang="EN-US"><span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Happé, F. G. (1996). Studying weak central coherence at low levels: children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
37(7), 873-877.<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Notredame, C. E., Pins, D., Deneve, S., and Jardri, R. (2014). What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia. Frontiers Integr. Neurosci. 12:63.
<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Partos, T.R., Cropper, S.J., & Rawlings, D. (2016). You Don’t See What I See: Individual Differences in the Perception of Meaning from Visual Stimuli. PloS one, 11(3), e0150615.<span></span></span></p>
<p style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Peterzell, D. H., & Kennedy, J. F. (2016). Discovering sensory processes using individual differences: A review and factor analytic manifesto. Electronic Imaging, 2016(16), 1-11.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Piaget, J., Lambercier, M., Boesch, E., & von Albertini, B. (1942). Introduction a l'etude des perceptions chez l'enfant et analyse d'une illusion relative a la perception visuelle de cercles concentriques
(Delboeuf). <i>Archives de Psychologie, 29</i>, 1-107.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Rasmjou, S., Hausmann, M., & Güntürkün, O. (1999). Hemispheric dominance and gender in the perception of an illusion.
<i>Neuropsychologia, 37(9)</i>, 1041-1047.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Schwarzkopf, D.S., Song, C., & Rees, G. (2011). The surface area of human V1 predicts the subjective experience of object size.
<i>Nature Neuroscience, 14(1)</i>, 28-30.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Testo"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: times">Slaghuis, W.L., Twell, A.J., and Kingston, K.R. (1996). Visual and language processing disorders are concurrent in dyslexia and continue into adulthood.
<i>Cortex 32</i>, 413-438.<span></span></span></p>
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