<div dir="ltr">Jeremy,<div>Wonderful image. Only I am unable to diverge, but I can do all the crossed stereograms immediately. Many people I show stereograms to have the same problem.</div><div>The hard problem - perhaps harder than finding demos that work well and are easy to do - is when you try to explain how stereopsis is accomplished in the brain. Telling them that there are cells in cortex sensitive to retinal disparity is not an adequate explanation, even though it is heading in the right direction. The correspondence problem is quite difficult for students to wrap their heads around. So what's an in-between way of discussing this for non-specialists that goes beyond saying "well there are these special binocular cells that respond to retinal disparity...and then a miracle happens..."</div><div><br></div><div>russ</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sat, Mar 21, 2020 at 8:20 PM Wolfe, Jeremy M.,Ph.D. <<a href="mailto:jwolfe@bwh.harvard.edu">jwolfe@bwh.harvard.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<div>Hi Lester</div>
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<div>I think you are leaving out the most straight-forward approach of teaching students how to free fuse</div>
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<div>It works quite well with simple stimuli and a little practice.</div>
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<div>Here is the relevant figure from our S&P textbook.</div>
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<div>Good luck everyone!</div>
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<div>On Mar 20, 2020, at 10:45 PM, Lester Loschky <<a href="mailto:loschky@ksu.edu" target="_blank">loschky@ksu.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
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<p><span style="padding:3px 10px;border-radius:5px;color:rgb(255,255,255);font-weight:bold;display:inline-block;background-color:rgb(255,0,0)"> External Email - Use Caution </span></p>
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<div dir="ltr">Hi Everybody,
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<div>If you teach Sensation and Perception, and are currently preparing to teach it remotely, you may have the same question I have: how can you demonstrate stereovision remotely?</div>
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<div>As preface, the following are methods I have used in in-person classes to demonstrate stereo vision:</div>
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<li>an actual stereoscope and example stereoimages to share with students (including the classic Julesz square tile random-dot-stereogram image)<br>
</li><li>example stereoscopic lenticular lens images to share with students</li><li>red/green anaglyph images with sets of cardboard & plastic red/green anaglyph glasses<br>
</li><li>Google Cardboard plus cell phone to share with students</li><li>random dot autosterographic images</li><li>touching two pen tips together using two eyes versus one eye</li><li>learning about crossed vs. uncrossed disparity using two fingers at different distances</li></ol>
<div>Unfortunately, my students don't uniformly have access to the apparatuses required for 1-4 above. </div>
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<div>Re. # 3 (red/green anaglyph images), I've thought of having students order a single pair of red/green anaglyph glasses online. However, it appears that the cardboard and plastic ones can only be purchased in bulk. (I guess they're too cheap to
sell individually.) They also might not arrive in time, but students could still enjoy them once they get them.</div>
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<div>Re. #4 (Google Cardboard), I recall getting a free Google Cardboard from the NYTimes several years ago. However, they are now no cheaper than $5 (Irisu, of India), and likely wouldn't arrive in time.</div>
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<div>Regarding option #5 (random-dot autostereograms), I have found that since seeing random dot autostereographic images in depth requires perceptual learning, a large proportion of students don't manage to learn (within the short time period given
in a single class period). (Of course, many students may have a lot of time on their hands now, so they might keep at it long enough to learn to perceive them. But there will definitely be a good proportion of students who don't try long enough to learn,
and so don't get it.)</div>
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<div>#6 (touching two pen tips together) is definitely something that can be done remotely. However, it doesn't have the "Wow!" factor of other demonstrations. It is more of an "oh, really..." experience to realize how much worse you are with one
eye than two. </div>
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<div>#7 (using two fingers at different distances to teach crossed vs. uncrossed disparity) can definitely be done remotely. It is very educational, but again does not have the "Wow" factor. </div>
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<div>There is also the finger "hot dog" illusion, which can be done remotely. It is interesting, but quite different from all of the others in that stereoscopic depth perception is not involved.</div>
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<div>For the related phenomenon of motion parallax, "wiggle vision" is a very nice demonstration:</div>
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<div><a href="http://www.well.com/user/jimg/stereo/stereo_gate.html" target="_blank">http://www.well.com/user/jimg/stereo/stereo_gate.html</a></div>
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<div><a href="https://www.3dwiggle.com/2016/06/28/5-wigglegrams-you-need-to-see-before-you-die/" target="_blank">https://www.3dwiggle.com/2016/06/28/5-wigglegrams-you-need-to-see-before-you-die/</a><br>
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<div>Of course, depth perception from motion parallax is importantly theoretically related to stereoscopic vision (both involve two different images from two different views, one seen over time (and only needing one eye)--motion parallax--and the other
seen simultaneously (and requiring two eyes)--stereovision). But it is not the same as stereoscopic vision, so is a separate but related issue.</div>
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<div>For the related phenomenon of binocular disparity, there is the famous "hole in your hand" illusion using a cardboard paper towel roll. If students have a spare cardboard paper towel roll, they can do this remotely. But, again, it is a theoretically
related but separate issue. </div>
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<div>Any other suggestions would be appreciated. </div>
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<div>Best wishes,</div>
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<div>Les</div>
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<div>Lester Loschky</div>
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<div>Professor</div>
<div>Associate Director, Cognitive and Neurobiological Approaches to Plasticity Center<br>
Department of Psychological Sciences<br>
471 Bluemont Hall</div>
<div>
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Kansas State University<br>
Manhattan, KS <span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Helvetica">66506-5302</span> </div>
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<div>email: <a href="mailto:loschky@ksu.edu" target="_blank">loschky@ksu.edu</a></div>
<div>research page: <a href="https://www.k-state.edu/psych/research/loschkylester.html" target="_blank">https://www.k-state.edu/psych/research/loschkylester.html</a></div>
<div>lab page: <a href="http://www.k-state.edu/psych/vcl/index.html" target="_blank">http://www.k-state.edu/psych/vcl/index.html</a></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:small"><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";font-size:large">Russell David Hamer, Ph.D.</span><br></div></div><blockquote style="font-size:small;margin:0px 0px 0px 40px;border:none;padding:0px"><div><div style="font-family:arial"><b>USA cell/whatsapp: +1 516 543 2109</b></div></div><div><div style="font-family:arial"><b>Skype name</b>: <b>russhamer</b><br></div></div></blockquote><div><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-size:small;font-family:arial"><br></div><div style="font-size:small;font-family:arial"><i>Affiliate Research Professor</i></div><div style="font-size:small;font-family:arial"><div>Department of Psychology</div><div>Florida Atlantic University</div><div>777 Glades Road</div><div>Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA</div><div><b>Alternate email: <a href="mailto:rhamer@fau.edu" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">rhamer@fau.edu</a></b><br></div></div><div><div style="font-size:small;font-family:arial">Office in Behavioral Sciences Bldg BS-12, Room 120</div><div><font color="#1155cc" face="arial" size="2"><u><a href="http://www.psy.fau.edu/russ-hamer.php" target="_blank">http://www.psy.fau.edu/russ-hamer.php</a></u></font><br></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><br></div></div><div><i style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Professor Visitante Especial</i><br style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Departamento de Psicologia Experimental</span><br style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Instituto de Psicologia</span><div><font face="arial" style="font-size:small">Universidade de S</font><span style="font-size:13px">ã</span><font face="arial" style="font-size:small">o Paulo</font><br><font face="arial" style="font-size:small">Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 1721</font><br><font face="arial" style="font-size:small">Cidade Universitaria 05508 030</font><br><font face="arial" style="font-size:small">Sao Paulo, SP, BRASIL</font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2"><br></font></div><div><div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><i>Former Scientist and Affiliate Scientist</i></div><div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute</div><div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">2318 Fillmore Street</div><div style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">San Francisco, CA, 94115 USA</div><div style="font-size:small;font-family:arial"><br></div><div style="font-size:small;font-family:arial">--</div><div><div style="font-size:12.7273px;font-family:arial,sans-serif"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Russ' current quotes:</font></div><div style="font-size:12.7273px;font-family:arial,sans-serif"><font size="2"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></font><span style="color:rgb(137,143,156);font-family:"lucida grande",tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;line-height:18px"><i>There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all time, this expression is unique.</i>” </span><span style="color:rgb(137,143,156);font-family:"lucida grande",tahoma,verdana,arial,sans-serif;line-height:18px">~ Martha Graham~</span></div><div style="font-size:12.7273px;font-family:arial,sans-serif"><br></div><div><div style="font-size:12.7273px;font-family:arial,sans-serif"><div><font color="#999999"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;background-color:rgb(251,251,251)">"</span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;background-color:rgb(251,251,251)"><i>This will be our reply to violence: to make music more intensely, more beautifully, more devotedly than ever before</i>." </span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;background-color:rgb(251,251,251)">~Leonard Bernstein~</span></font></div></div><div style="font-size:12.7273px;font-family:arial,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;background-color:rgb(251,251,251)"><font color="#999999"><br></font></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt;background-color:rgb(251,251,251);color:rgb(153,153,153)">"<i>Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile.</i>"~Albert Einstein</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><br></div><div><font face="tahoma, sans-serif" size="2" color="#999999"><span style="background-color:rgb(251,251,251)">"</span></font><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Tahoma,sans-serif;color:rgb(153,153,153);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">When God had made The Man, he made him out of
stuff that sung all the time and glittered all over. Some angels got jealous
and chopped him into millions of pieces, but still He glittered and hummed. So
they beat Him down to nothing but sparks but each little spark had a shine and
a song. So they covered each one over with mud. And the lonesomeness in the
sparks made them hunt for one another, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(153,153,153);background-image:initial;background-repeat:initial">but
the mud is deaf and dumb. Like all the other tumbling mud-balls, Janie had
tried to show her shine.</span></i><span style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;line-height:18px"><font color="#999999" style="font-size:small">”</font></span><span style="color:rgb(153,153,153);font-family:tahoma,sans-serif;font-size:small;line-height:18px"> ~ Zora Neal Hurston~ from <i>Their Eyes Were Watching God</i>.<br><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>