<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
        {font-family:"Cambria Math";
        panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Calibri;
        panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Verdana;
        panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
        {font-family:Tahoma;
        panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
        {margin:0in;
        font-size:11.0pt;
        font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
        {mso-style-priority:99;
        color:#0563C1;
        text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
        {mso-style-type:personal-compose;
        font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
        color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
        {mso-style-type:export-only;
        font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
@page WordSection1
        {size:8.5in 11.0in;
        margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
        {page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='background:#394365;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;background:#394365;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><img width=670 style='width:6.9791in' id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/69fa83aa501/4e1135dd-779f-41b8-857b-1a50305318c4.png"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;cursor:default'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr style='height:.75pt'><td style='background:#C4B073;padding:0in 0in 2.25pt 0in;height:.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='color:black'><img width=5 height=1 style='width:.052in;height:.0104in' id="_x0000_i1026" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 15.0pt 7.5pt 15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Announcing the </span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>2021 Symposium Sessions for V-VSS 2021</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 15.0pt 7.5pt 15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfuxAI4L08CxDRrpDq9_vz6b7zEi4K1KcAXJ4WfTIMwxK2iegg7Ou5UUw36LIx16jKOv2IiGfCpddUlCBCML1fUBAGlKJmfXNYsHlxHu_00vaCefrsZjuNWY=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'>Early Processing of Foveal Vision</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Friday, May 21, 8:00 - 10:00 am EDT, Talk Room 1*</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#555555'></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Organizers:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'> Lisa Ostrin</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, David Brainard</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, Lynne Kiorpes</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>3</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>; </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>University of Houston College of Optometry, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>University of Pennsylvania, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>3</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>New York University</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>This year's biennial ARVO at VSS symposium focuses on early stages of visual processing at the fovea. Speakers will present recent work related to optical, vascular, and neural factors contributing to vision, as assessed with advanced imaging techniques. The work presented in this session encompasses clinical and translational research topics, and speakers will discuss normal and diseased conditions.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfuxAI4L08CxDQHCjIeEHm--yhJ7ZDHE0u58KSRJRIJBMkz2WHwmVCzpLdAsbqLEC5AdKlYi9Z3KRR5_beEikROGc0Hwwoty5l4Tj-WFDdvaBYbAC0zDoJUc=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'>Wait for it: 20 years of temporal orienting</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Friday, May 21, 8:00 - 10:00 am EDT, Talk Room 2*</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Organizers:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'> Nir Shalev</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1,2,3</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, Anna Christina (Kia) Nobre</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1,2,3</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>; </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Oxford, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>3</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Time is an essential dimension framing our behaviour. In considering adaptive behaviour in dynamic environments, it is essential to consider how our psychological and neural systems pick up on temporal regularities to prepare for events unfolding over time. The last two decades have witnessed a renaissance of interest in understanding how we orient attention in time to anticipate relevant moments. New experimental approaches have proliferated and demonstrated how we derive and utilise recurring temporal rhythms, associations, probabilities, and sequences to enhance perception. We bring together researchers from across the globe exploring the fourth dimension of selective attention with complementary approaches.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfuxAI4L08CxDt4Kjg57ytlE9rgE6pNAbGdowTDodFAkPPMc6PE7hQl9oz-m4emdsNBknPZ2OOnI5xOmk8myczEmRbdAQaJ-QlZVasw_SA5Mgx1wAmT1toHo=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'>What we learn about the visual system by studying non-human primates: Past, present and future</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Friday, May 21, 2:30 - 4:30 pm EDT, Talk Room 1*</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Organizers:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'> Rich Krauzlis</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, Michele Basso</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>; </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>National Eye Institute, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Brain Research Institute, UCLA</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Non-human primates (NHPs) are the premier animal model for understanding the brain circuits and neuronal properties that accomplish vision. This symposium will take a "look back" at what we have learned about vision over the past 20 years by studying NHPs, and also "look forward" to the emerging opportunities provided by new techniques and approaches. The 20th anniversary of VSS is the ideal occasion to present this overview of NHP research to the general VSS membership, with the broader goal of promoting increased dialogue and collaboration between NHP and non-NHP vision researchers.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfuxAI4L08CxDdc9hprbCePlXCIMGMaMLKxYeGBFcPsWUn030P9yey3xoQlhv7K3PcB7oDDHg4NF-LKH26ZOQYlG8su7DKR2Mtv4wc2e8BAZpzwF0Cc0__z0=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'>What has the past 20 years of neuroimaging taught us about human vision and where do we go from here?</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Friday, May 21, 2:30 - 4:30 pm EDT, Talk Room 2*</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Organizers:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'> Susan Wardle</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, Chris Baker</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>; </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>National Institutes of Health</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Over the past 20 years, neuroimaging methods have become increasingly popular for studying the neural mechanisms of vision in the human brain. To celebrate 20 years of VSS this symposium will focus on the contribution that brain imaging techniques have made to our field of vision science. The aim is to provide both a historical context and an overview of current trends for the role of neuroimaging in vision science. This will lead to informed discussion about what future directions will prove most fruitful for answering fundamental questions in vision science.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfuxAI4L08CxDiXpz0Y0HvvQR74ptIhtOzrw5ubpAwlJH6YpGjQFRIHfaYbIIjQDbSdd1PRw-18B8P5QNMXYgJYgEqI2wPA10kXwvBmv93yCsPwGiW8p76qA=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'>Feedforward & Recurrent Streams in Visual Perception</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Monday, May 24, 9:30 - 11:30 am EDT, Talk Room 1*</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Organizers:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'> Shaul Hochstein</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, Merav Ahissar</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>; </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Psychology, Hebrew University, Jerusalem</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Interactions of bottom-up and top-down mechanisms in visual perception are heatedly debated to this day. The aim of the proposed symposium is to review the history, progress, and prospects of our understanding of the roles of feedforward and recurrent processing streams. Where and how does top-down influence kick in? Is it off-line, as suggested by some deep-learning networks? is it an essential aspect governing bottom-up flow at every stage, as in predictive processing? We shall critically consider the continued endurance of these models, their meshing with current state-of-the-art theories and accumulating evidence, and, most importantly, the outlook for future understanding.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfuxAI4L08CxDQxZS54ya8t-ieV3MawkLYEusfUVt05WIve_Xn6Dym_abLoSAedRGPaWtvAB_NsQEnu4n7M-ZBu4AqCoMDDLbhW8_AEBNVONXVB6zuJdosDU=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'></span></b><b><span style='font-size:10.5pt;color:#566498;text-decoration:none'>What's new in visual development?</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1B305C'>Monday, May 24, 9:30 - 11:30 am EDT, Talk Room 2*</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Organizers:</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'> Oliver Braddick</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>1</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>, Janette Atkinson</span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>; 1University of Oxford, </span><sup><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555;position:relative;top:-2.5pt;mso-text-raise:2.5pt'>2</span></sup><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>University College London</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;color:#555555'></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#555555'>Since 2000, visual developmental science has advanced beyond defining how and when basic visual functions emerge during childhood. Advances in structural MRI, fMRI and near-infrared spectroscopy have identified localised visual brain networks even in early months of life, including networks identifying objects and faces. Newly refined eye tracking has examined how oculomotor function relates to the effects of visual experience underlying strabismus and amblyopia. New evidence has allowed us to model developing visuocognitive processes such as decision-making and attention. This symposium illustrates how such advances, ideas and challenges enhance understanding of visual development, including infants and children with developmental disorders.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#1E3667'>*All V-VSS sessions will be held virtually and will be accessible via direct Zoom links and through the VSS Gather.town virtual environment. Zoom links and instructions on logging into sessions will be available on May 19.</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;cursor:default'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr style='height:.75pt'><td style='background:#C4B073;padding:0in 0in 2.25pt 0in;height:.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='color:black'><img border=0 width=5 height=1 style='width:.052in;height:.0104in' id="_x0000_i1027" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 0in 7.5pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><img border=0 width=667 style='width:6.9479in' id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://files.constantcontact.com/69fa83aa501/91f32900-04b0-4a9f-9d9a-c96e6cefee6f.png"><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;cursor:default'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr style='height:.75pt'><td style='background:#394365;padding:0in 0in 2.25pt 0in;height:.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='color:black'><img border=0 width=5 height=1 style='width:.052in;height:.0104in' id="_x0000_i1029" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='display:none'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="33%" valign=top style='width:33.0%;background:#D5DAEB;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 0in 7.5pt 15.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfrOtVDJd6wjaQqmF6WzOcpSH64T-wE26g4tB8OzaO3LM69lmMIgafOMJqZjby6LHAUFPxVc4Y3AV-t7pgvy8S0vwZGBhzYa3xL9uTPNitpm_WGfYncXqf2c=&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;color:#394365;text-decoration:none'>Contact Us</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfrOtVDJd6wjaxqhX8i5vZ9Zxbz5SyMIH4OgXF8AiV3vyIeTKxsAO0erjdQ6Pw0DotmbrOVRxw5xXTqpPZkUm_Znpc0jOfCXWZwisH5NoOtgB&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug==" target="_blank"><b><span style='font-size:8.5pt;color:#394365;text-decoration:none'>Visit Us Online</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td><td width="33%" valign=top style='width:33.0%;background:#D5DAEB;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;cursor:default'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr style='height:.75pt'><td style='background:#D5DAEB;padding:0in 0in 4.5pt 0in;height:.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='color:black'><img border=0 width=5 height=1 style='width:.052in;height:.0104in' id="_x0000_i1030" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr><tr><td style='padding:2.25pt 7.5pt 0in 7.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfgE0VFWJwTOEv0udd7KdpOJdUAfScHma6WTl80KFOcg07zbfhC7YLi7A5ykEeZjSDeH_Z41u-l6LxtiSFrOlDvv1HZXZkLJqFJGXhSU0VgtxrvYhT3kRU4woxGNYMz4PSWQXnLhLIJIGeCScFxWFDJDejOhpHjfPnigz7OBYPBvO3PLaC8WjGJvxeHdWhwZt1Q==&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug=="><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=32 style='width:.3333in' id="_x0000_i1031" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/galileo/images/templates/Galileo-SocialMedia/facebook-visit-black-circle.png" alt=Facebook></span><span style='text-decoration:none'>‌ </span></a><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=0012LSuG_RDDD0_77pkVWob4a7UuGRn_t6Xi8JYLE64lODg-o8Syi6xfrhvG5o14-juiQ2stRevac1sr1p_Ljm8OUk-7MBBMwrCQPUs_IWknbDhmER4cCQgqy3CYlXnt1tb14Su4_Y9roeYcXSGE-wF4Q==&c=u1qLCLuzF-pCy3H8EbZdHKWiGy5cX8lQlMBkX27SpR6f68ZuX1ePOQ==&ch=4gfka7T57GeMoSP81LZoxkxrVlZESFKxDxsUEmHurEzR6B-Td9ffug=="><span style='color:blue;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=32 style='width:.3333in' id="_x0000_i1032" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/galileo/images/templates/Galileo-SocialMedia/twitter-visit-black-circle.png" alt=Twitter></span><span style='text-decoration:none'>‌ </span></a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></td><td width="33%" valign=top style='width:33.0%;background:#D5DAEB;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:7.5pt 15.0pt 7.5pt 0in'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#394365'>Graphics Competition Winner</span></b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:#394365'>Banner Image by Susanne Stoll</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><o:p> </o:p></p><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr><td valign=top style='padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%;cursor:default'><tr><td width="100%" valign=top style='width:100.0%;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><div align=center><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="100%" style='width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width: 100%'><tr style='height:.75pt'><td style='background:#1B305C;padding:0in 0in 1.5pt 0in;height:.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:.75pt'><span style='color:white'><img border=0 width=5 height=1 style='width:.052in;height:.0104in' id="_x0000_i1033" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101116784221/S.gif"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>