<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is with great sadness that we inform the scientific
community of the death of an international giant. Dana Ballard passed away on
Nov 3<sup>rd</sup>, 2022, at the age of 76. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It is hard to single out Dana’s “signature” work among many
of his achievements. In the past few decades, his unabated scientific curiosity
has driven him deeply into multiple interrelated fields in computer vision and
artificial intelligence, vision science, cognitive science, and neuroscience.
The interdisciplinary nature of his research created synergistic insights that
were always ahead of his time. His work led to paradigm-shifting contributions not
just in one but multiple research fields. Perhaps one way to share Dana’s
research journey is to go through the pathways Dana has created that connect
those scientific fields. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>From computer vision to human vision</b>. Most of Dana’s
early work was on computer vision. In 1982, with Chris Brown, Dana co-authored a
highly influential first textbook on computer vision. Around the same time, he
invented two powerful algorithms -- Color Indexing and Generalized Hough
Transform – both of which have been widely used. In 1985, Dana led a team that
designed and built a high-speed binocular camera control system capable of
simulating human eye movements. This system has led to an increased
understanding of the role of action in simplifying visual tasks. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>From behavior to the brain</b>. In 1995, Dana and his
longtime collaborator Mary Hayhoe developed an experimental setup to capture
time-locked multimodal data from mobile eye trackers and motion tracking
devices with precise measurements of a freely moving participant in a natural
situation. With this technological breakthrough, they have conducted a series
of studies to examine how behavioral programs control the selection of visual
information, in particular, the pervasive role of the task in guiding where and
when to deploy gaze. To further examine the top-down effects on vision and
attention, Dana and his Ph.D. student Rajesh Rao in 1999, published a predictive
coding model of the visual cortex, which could explain a vast amount of data
from visual cortex.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>From computational models to cognitive theories. </b>By combining
computational and experimental approaches,<b> </b>these seminal works led collectively
to three major theoretical contributions: 1) <b>Predictive coding</b>. Dana’s research
suggested that the brain uses its prior knowledge of the world to generate
hypotheses about the causes of incoming sensory information based on an
internal model. Due to his work, now probably the majority of neuroscientists
see the brain as a “prediction machine.” <b>2) Active vision. </b>Through<b> </b>Dana’s
work, the field discovered that biologically motivated active vision could be
much more efficient than static image analysis. Sensorimotor tasks are easier when
sensors are closely integrated with effectors. 3) <b>Embodied cognition</b>. A
seminal paper proposed that the physical world serves as our memory and that deictic
behavior serves to link the brain and the external world. This idea has stirred
much interest not only in vision science but also in philosophy.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dana was a fabulous mentor and a great colleague. For his
previous trainees, he will be remembered for his wit, his humor, and his
kindness. Dana found ways to create a unique bed to nurture many different
flowers to blossom. I am sure that there are many fun memories of Dana that would
bring a smile to his previous colleagues and friends at the University of
Rochester and the University of Texas at Austin. He was one of the kindest
people I have had the pleasure of knowing and working with. I, for one, will
forever be grateful for his contributions to science and his kindness and
support in my life. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dana Ballard was a true giant in
the field. His research has always been “ahead of the curve.” He was an
influential thinker and an innovative experimenter. Dana will be long
remembered for his outstanding accomplishments, his compassion, his strength, his
style, and his commitment to science.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prof. Chen Yu</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Department of
Psychology, Center for Perceptual Systems </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The University of
Texas at Austin</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">108 E Dean Keeton
St </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Austin, Texas,
78712 U.S.A. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lab website: <a href="https://www.la.utexas.edu/users/dil/" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">https://www.la.utexas.edu/users/dil/</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">E-mail: <a href="mailto:chen.yu@austin.utexas.edu" style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">chen.yu@austin.utexas.edu</a></p></div>