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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Pieter Roelfsema’s group at the Institut de la Vision (IDV) in Paris is seeking a highly motivated PhD candidate to explore optogenetics in the macaque brain for inducing artificial vision. This project will advance our
understanding of visual neuroscience and contribute to the broader goal of restoring vision in the blind through direct brain interfaces.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:11.25pt"><b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:11.25pt"><b><span lang="EN-US">Artificial vision with optogenetic brain stimulation in large animals</span></b><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:11.25pt"><span lang="EN-US">Nearly 40 million people worldwide are affected by blindness, severely impacting their independence and quality of life. While strategies like retinal implants, optogenetics, and neuroprosthetic
stimulation have shown promise by inducing artificial light perceptions ('phosphenes'), they still fall short of restoring true vision. Recently the lab of Pieter Roelfsema's demonstrated high-resolution visual percepts—such as letter recognition and movement—using
advanced silicon microelectrodes in macaques (Chen et al., Science, 2020). <br>
However, translating this success to clinical settings remains a significant challenge due to technological and biological hurdles. This project aims to tackle that challenge by exploring optogenetic therapy within the brain, using intracerebral viral delivery
of opsins to modulate visual neurons with light from miniaturized implanted sources. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The PhD will focus on validating optogenetic stimulation in macaques to induce and refine artificial vision, with the potential to revolutionize brain-based vision restoration and expand the frontiers of vision research. This
project is linked to the labs of Pieter Roelfsema at the <i>Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience</i> in Amsterdam and of Serge Picaud at the <i>Institut de la Vision</i> in Paris. This is a fully funded position with possibility to acquire additional personal
doctoral grants.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:15.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0cm">
<b>Skills required<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0cm" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">Experience in electrophysiology techniques </span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">Animal experimentation</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">Analysis of neural data (electrophysiology or functional microscopy)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">Matlab or Phyton proficiency</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7">Solides compétences en codage<o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">Strong coding skills</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">The candidate should be proficient in written and oral English <o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo7"><span lang="EN-US">Personal skills will be emphasized. The candidate should be able to work independently and interactively in a team setting, be motivated and responsible, and have a great work capacity
and enthusiasm for research.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:15.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0cm">
<b>Education and experience<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0cm" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8"><span lang="EN-US">Master degree in Neuroscience, Biology, Engineering or relevant background<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8"><span lang="EN-US">Relevant coursework and student research projects (e.g. Neuroengineering, vision science, electrophysiology experience, …)<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8"><span lang="EN-US">The candidate should be at ease with animal experimentation<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">General information about the IDV can be found at
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><a href="https://sante.sorbonne-universite.fr/en/structures-de-recherche/institut-de-la-vision"><span lang="EN-US">https://sante.sorbonne-universite.fr/en/structures-de-recherche/institut-de-la-vision</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">For
<b>recent relevant publications</b> from the Roelfsema lab, see:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">Chen et al., Shape perception via a high-channel-count neuroprosthesis in monkey visual cortex. Science 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">Roelfsema, Solving the binding problem: assemblies form when neurons enhance their firing rate – they don’t need to oscillate or synchronize. Neuron, 2023.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">Orlemann et al., Flexible polymer electrodes for stable prosthetic visual perception in mice. Adv. Healthcare Mat.,
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">2024.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">Dijksterhuis et al Pronouns reactivate conceptual representations in human hippocampal neurons. Science 385, 1478-1484</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">Papale et al.,</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"> An extensive dataset of spiking activity to reveal the syntax
of the ventral stream. Neuron 2025.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif">Applications can be submitted at:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;color:blue"><a href="https://www.institut-vision.org/en/job-offers/phd-position-optogenetics-large-animal-brains-towards-visual-restoration">https://www.institut-vision.org/en/job-offers/phd-position-optogenetics-large-animal-brains-towards-visual-restoration</a></span></u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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